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Fake News

False stories that appear to be news, spread on the internet or in other media forms, usually created to influence political views. There is criticism in using the term since it can be used by individuals or organizations for political purposes and can be intentionally used to connect different forms of false information.

Misinformation

Misinformation are unintentional mistakes made when reporting information. Misinformation can be in the form of inaccurate captions, dates, statistics, or translations. This can also happen when satire is taken seriously or out of context.

Disinformation

Disinformation is deliberately fabricated or manipulated content. This type of information is meant to intentionally create conspiracy theories, rumors and to confuse or misdirect.

Malinformation

Malinformation is the deliberate publication of private information for personal or corporate interest, rather than public interest. This is like disinformation since it can include the deliberate change of context of genuine content.

Propaganda

Information, ideas, or rumors deliberately and systematically spread to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, or nation.

Satire

The use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule and other forms of humor to expose, denounce, or deride (to make fun of). In this context, online content that is meant to make fun of something but disguised as news.

Social Media

Any website or application that allow users to create and share content or participate in social networking

Clickbait

Content on the web whose main purpose is to encourage users to follow a link on page.

Bias

A tendency, feeling, or opinion that is preconceived (to have made up before doing any research) or unreasoned (not thought through).

Confirmation Bias

A tendency to interpret information that confirms one鈥檚 preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

Filter Bubble

An environment, especially an online environment where people are only exposed to opinions and information that conform to their existing beliefs.

Bradley, P. 2017

Cooke, N. A. 2018

Goering, C. Z. and Thomas, P. L. 2018

Helfand, D. J. 2016

Bastick, Z. 2021

Buchanan, T. 2020

Heldt, A. 2019

Posetti, J. & Matthews, A. 2018

Sample, C. et al. 2019

Statista 2020

Statista 2020

Wardle, C. & Derakhshan, H. 2017

Wardle, C. 2019

Banks, M. 2016

Maheshwari, S. 2016

In 1901, David H盲nig published research that led to what we know today as the taste map: an illustration that divides the tongue into four separate areas. It has since been published in textbooks and newspapers. There is just one problem: the map is wrong. So how do misconceptions like this spread, and what makes a fake fact so easy to believe? Interested? Check out this TED Talk!

On April 14, 2014, the terrorist organization Boko Haram kidnapped more than 200 schoolgirls from the town of Chibok, Nigeria. Around the world, the crime became epitomized by the slogan #BringBackOurGirls 鈥� but in Nigeria, government officials called the crime a hoax, confusing and delaying efforts to rescue the girls. In this powerful talk, journalist Stephanie Busari points to the Chibok tragedy to explain the deadly danger of fake news and what we can do to stop it. Watch this TED Talk to learn more.

Do you think you鈥檙e good at spotting fake videos, where famous people say things they鈥檝e never said in real life? See how they鈥檙e made in this astonishing talk and tech demo. Computer scientist Supasorn Suwajanakorn shows how, as a grad student, he used AI and 3D modeling to create photorealistic fake videos of people synced to audio. Learn more about both the ethical implications and the creative possibilities of this tech 鈥� and the steps being taken to fight against its misuse.

As web companies strive to tailor their services (including news and search results) to our personal tastes, there鈥檚 a dangerous unintended consequence: We get trapped in a 鈥渇ilter bubble鈥� and don鈥檛 get exposed to information that could challenge or broaden our worldview. Eli Pariser argues powerfully that this will ultimately prove to be bad for us and bad for democracy.

As humans we鈥檙e inherently biased. Sometimes it鈥檚 explicit and other times it鈥檚 unconscious, but as we move forward with technology how do we keep our biases out of the algorithms we create? Documentary filmmaker Robin Hauser argues that we need to have a conversation about how AI should be governed and ask who is responsible for overseeing the ethical standards of these supercomputers. 鈥淲e need to figure this out now,鈥� she says. 鈥淏ecause once skewed data gets into deep learning machines, it鈥檚 very difficult to take it out.鈥�

A handful of people working at a handful of tech companies steer the thoughts of billions of people every day, says design thinker Tristan Harris. From Facebook notifications to Snapstreaks to YouTube autoplays, they鈥檙e all competing for one thing: your attention. Harris shares how these companies prey on our psychology for their own profit and calls for a design renaissance in which our tech instead encourages us to live out the timeline we want.

鈥淟ies are more engaging online than truth,鈥� says former CIA analyst, diplomat and Facebook employee Ya毛l Eisenstat. 鈥淎s long as [social media] algorithms鈥� goals are to keep us engaged, they will feed us the poison that plays to our worst instincts and human weaknesses.鈥� In this bold talk, Eisenstat explores how social media companies like Facebook incentivize inflammatory content, contributing to a culture of political polarization and mistrust 鈥� and calls on governments to hold these platforms accountable in order to protect civil discourse and democracy.

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